Phases Of Mitosis In Plant And Animal Cells

All living organisms are made up of one or more cells. Cell have the ability to make identical copies of themselves by cell division. New cells are produced by existing cells, dividing cells are essential for the continuation of life. There are three varieties of reasons that cause cells to divide; multicellular organisms grow in size and complexity by making more cells, old and damaged cells are continuously  replaced by the division of cells, and single-celled organisms such as bacteria divide to make new independent organisms. Two events are required for successful cell reproduction. The parent cell ensure that each new daughter cell receives a complete copy of its heredity information. This information is transmitted in the form of DNA and directs the various activities of the cell throughout its lifetime. The second requirement is the partitioning of cytoplasm between the two daughter cells.

Cell Cycle:


The cell cycle is known as the orderly program of events in the lifetime of a cell. The cell cycle is divided into two phases; mitotic phase which the cell divides its nuclear and cytoplasmic contents, and there are longer periods between divisions called interphase. The M stands for the mitotic phase which is the division of chromosomes and cytoplasm into two cells. During mitosis and cytokinesis the two daughter cells receive an exact copy of the parent cell's chromosomes and half of the cytoplasm. The parent cell chromosomes are replicated during the S (synthesis) phase of the cell cycle before mitosis can begin.














Phases Of Mitosis:


Prophase:


Prophase is the beginning of mitosis. In the beginning, the centrosomes move toward opposite poles of the cell and organized the spindle microtubules between them. The sister chromatids become visible in the nucleus as they condense.

Metaphase:


Metaphase is when the chromatids remain lined up between the poles of the cell.

Anaphase:


Anaphase is a pair of sister chromatids separate. Separated chromatids are called chromosomes and move toward the poles of the cell.

Telophase:


Telophase is the chromosomes that arrive at the poles and are the new nuclear membraned form around them.

Cytokinesis:


Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasmic components. For animal cells cytokinesis occurs when a ring of actin and myosin filaments constricts the plasma membrane at the equator.  For plant cells, small vesicles fuse at the metaphase pate to form the cell plate.

Interphase:


Interphase is the process of mitosis and cytokinesis creates two separate cells. Each cell has an identical set of chromosomes.